Benzene and its derivatives

• Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule
• Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenationreactivity, Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedelcrafts acylation.
• Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction
• Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine

Phenol* - Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols

Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts

Aromatic Acids* - Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and important reactions of benzoic acid.

Fats and Oils

• Fatty acids - reactions.
• Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils.
• Analytical constants - Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value - significance and principle involved in their determination.

Polynuclear hydrocarbons:

• Synthesis, reactions
• Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane and their derivatives

Cyclo alkanes*

Stabilities - Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane only