Pharmacognosy 2

Unit 1

Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination

  • Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway.
  • Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of Biogenetic studies.


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Unit 2

General introduction, composition, chemistry & chemical classes, biosources, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of following secondary metabolites:



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Unit 3

Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents

  • Terpenoids: Menthol, Citral, Artemisin
  • Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid & Rutin
  • Alkaloids: Atropine,Quinine,Reserpine,Caffeine
  • Resins: Podophyllotoxin, Curcumin


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Unit 4

Industrial production, estimation and utilization of the following phytoconstituents: Forskolin, Sennoside, Artemisinin, Diosgenin, Digoxin, Atropine, Podophyllotoxin, Caffeine, Taxol, Vincristine and Vinblastine



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Unit 5

Basics of Phytochemistry

Modern methods of extraction, application of latest techniques like Spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis in the isolation, purification and identification of crude drugs.



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